The MANDELBROT SET is the most complex object in mathematics, its admirers like to say. An eternity would not be enough time to see it all, its disks studded with prickly thorns, its spirals and filaments curling outward and around, bearing bulbous molecules that hang, infinitely variegated, like grapes on God’s personal vine – James Gleick in Chaos, Making a New Science.

This project was a brief exploration into the mind-boggling and beautiful world of mathematical complexity, by way of the most famous example of fractal geometry, called the Mandelbrot set. Because of the VisualBots built-in color graphics and user-defined coordinate system features, it is actually quite easy to explore this amazing object.

Above are various windows in the complex plane, rendering the Mandelbrot fractal using the built-in graphics capabilities of the VisualBots simulator.

Background

The Mandelbrot set was named after the work of mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot in the 1980′s, who was one of the early researchers in the field of dynamic complexity. The Mandelbrot set has a fractal-like geometry, which means that it exhibits self-similarity at multiple scales. However, the small-scale details are not identical to the whole, and in fact, the set is infinitely complex, revealing new geometric surprises at ever increasing magnification. Belying this mind-boggling complexity is the extremely simple mathematic process used to produce it.

The Mandelbrot set is a set of complex numbers (remember in algebra – the points in the 2D complex plane with real and imaginary axes?). Every complex number is either in the set, or outside of it. The set is generated by applying a simple iterative process to each complex number. In mathematical jargon, it is defined by all of the complex numbers C for which the number sequence

is bounded, or does not tend towards infinity.

In other words, to generate the set, take a complex number, multiply it by itself, and add it to the original number; take that result, multiply it by itself, and add it to the original number; and so on. If the resulting numbers generated during the iteration process grows ever and ever larger, then the original complex number C is not in the Mandelbrot set. If the sequence converges, drifts chaotically, or cycles periodically, then C is in the set. Of course in practice we cannot apply the iteration process an infinite number of times to be sure that C is a member of the set. So instead, the process is applied several hundred or several thousand times, and if the sequence remains relatively small during these iterations, then it is assumed that C is probably a member of the set. Fortunately, there is a very useful criteria for detecting divergence – it can be demonstrated mathematically that if during the iteration process the number sequence exceeds the absolute value of 2, then the sequence will diverge to infinity and the original number C is definitely outside of the set. Many points reach a value that exceeds 2 after only a few iterations.

The typical means of graphically rendering the Mandelbrot fractal is to color points in the complex plane that belong to the set as black, and all other points outside of the set according to how quickly they diverge towards infinity. The speed at which points outside of the set diverge, sometimes referred to as “escape speed”, is measured by how many iterations of the number sequence are required until divergence is detected.

It turns out that the Mandelbrot set lives very close to the origin of the complex plane, within a radius of 2. The most interesting regions are found near the boundaries of the set, where the escape speeds are relatively higher than those farther away. Zooming down into these regions exposes a remarkable variation of self-similar structures.

In the Mandelbrot set, nature (or is it mathematics) provides us with a powerful visual counterpart of the musical idea of ‘theme and variation’: the shapes are repeated everywhere, yet each repetition is somewhat different. It would have been impossible to discover this property of iteration if we had been reduced to hand calculation, and I think that no one would have been sufficiently bright or ingenious to ‘invent’ this rich and complicated theme and variations. It leaves us no way to become bored, because new things appear all the time, and no way to become lost, because familiar things come back time and time again. Because this constant novelty, this set is not truly fractal by most definitions; we may call it a borderline fractal, a limit fractal that contains many fractals. Compared to actual fractals, its structures are more numerous, its harmonies are richer, and its unexpectedness is more unexpected – Benoit Mandelbrot.
Above is the highest-elevation view of the Mandelbrot set (the portions colored black). The set does not extend beyond a radius of 2 in the complex plane.

One amazing aspect of the Mandelbrot set that was proved by Hubbard and Douady of the University of Paris, is that it is connected, meaning that there are no islands of points in the set that are isolated from the rest. Many apparently isolated “molecules” of the set can be observed at high magnification, but the appearance is deceiving, because each of these are connected to the rest of the set by very thin filaments. Other interesting aspects are that the perimeter of the set has an infinite length, and that its area is unknown.

VisualBots Implementation

The algorithm for generating the Mandelbrot fractal is very simple:

1. Cycle through all screen pixels, converting each to its respective complex plane coordinates
2. Determine whether or not the pixels are in the Mandelbrot set
3. If they are in the set, color black, otherwise color based on their escape speed

The following pseudo code renders a specified window in the complex plane:

Set the screen coordinate system to bracket the window of interest
Color the screen background black
maxiter=1000 (setting maxiter to smaller value trades-off resolution for computational speed)
For each screen pixel do the following:
R0 = calculate the real coordinate of pixel
I0 = calculate the imaginary coordinate of pixel
R = R0
I = I0
R2 = R * R
I2 = I * I
iter = 0
While (R2 + I2 < 4) And (iter < maxiter) Do:
I = 2 * R * I + I0
R = R2 – I2 + R0
R2 = R * R
I2 = I * I
iter = iter + 1
Loop
If iter < maxiter Then
color the pixel according to value of iter
End If
Next screen pixel

To assign color to each screen pixel, we created a single Bot object, gave it a point shape, and set its Footprint property to True. With this combination of settings, the Bot imparts a “footprint” of color as it is moved from pixel to pixel. The color of the footprint is calculated using the FillColorPick method of the Bot object, which selects a entry point into the assigned ColorTable based on a variable, in this case, “iter”.

MVVM is the most popular architectural pattern used in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Silverlight. It is designed to make use of specific functions in WPF/Silverlight to better facilitate the separation of View layer development from the rest of the pattern by removing virtually all “code behind” from View layer, taking advantage of Binding Markup Extension from XAML. This separation of roles allows interactive designers to focus on UX needs rather than programming or business logic, allowing for the layers of an application to be developed in multiple work streams.

A MVVM solution consist View as pure XAML with default code-behind implementation. A View Model is declared and initiated somewhere in the XAML with detailed bindings to its properties and commands. Left with Models as the data presentation classes managed by ViewModels.

Now we know that Views should be in pure XAML, and Models are just classes that represent the real state of data. Hence, what is actually in the ViewModel?

To create a ViewModel, we need expose properties and commands required by a View, notify the binding framework when a property needs to reflected in the View, and manage the data underneath.

Exposing Properties and Commands via ViewModel

A ViewModel is responsible for establishing properties required by View from a Model. Say we have a table containing a list of greetings in different languages.

• English, Hello
• Taiwanese(Hokkien), Li-ho
• Mandarin, nǐ hǎo

The model will look like this:

A ViewModel that makes this model available to a view will look like this:

Notice that in the ViewModel we implement INotifyPropertyChanged? The aim is to notify the binding framework when a property is updated via the set method, the property will then be reflected in the View without extra effort.

Exposing an property in ViewModel seems to be fairly straight forward. One improvement you might make is to write a method to assist the notification. You will find other advance extension that some nice people have came up on the World Wide Web.

Now we have a simple ViewModel, let us look at how we would bind it onto XAML.

For more information on Binding visit Binding Markup Extension.

A stored procedure is a subroutine available to applications accessing a relational database system. Stored procedures (sometimes called a proc, sproc, StoPro, StoredProc, or SP) are actually stored in the database data dictionary.

Typical uses for stored procedures include data validation (integrated into the database) or access control mechanisms. Furthermore, stored procedures are used to consolidate and centralize logic that was originally implemented in applications. Large or complex processing that might require the execution of several SQL statements is moved into stored procedures, and all applications call the procedures only.We can use nested stored procedures, by executing one stored procedure in another. The maximum level of nesting is 32. ^[1]

Stored procedures are similar to user-defined functions (UDFs). The major difference is that UDFs can be used like any other expression within SQL statements, whereas stored procedures must be invoked using the CALL statement ^[2]

CALL procedure(…)

or

EXECUTE procedure(…)

Stored procedures may return result sets, i.e. the results of a SELECT statement. Such result sets can be processed using cursors by other stored procedures by associating a result set locator, or by applications. Stored procedures may also contain declared variables for processing data and cursors that allow it to loop through multiple rows in a table. The standard Structured Query Language provides IF, WHILE, LOOP, REPEAT, CASE statements, and more. Stored procedures can receive variables, return results or modify variables and return them, depending on how and where the variable is declared.

Comparison with dynamic SQL

Overhead: Because stored procedure statements are stored directly in the database, this may remove all or part of the compilation overhead that is typically required in situations where software applications send inline (dynamic) SQL queries to a database. (However, most database systems implement “statement caches” and other mechanisms to avoid repetitive compilation of dynamic SQL statements.) In addition, pre-compiled SQL statements, while avoiding some overhead, add to the complexity of creating an optimal execution plan because not all arguments of the SQL statement are supplied at compile time. Depending on the specific database implementation and configuration, mixed performance results will be seen from stored procedures versus generic queries or user defined functions.

Avoidance of network traffic: A major advantage with stored procedures is that they can run directly within the database engine. In a production system, this typically means that the procedures run entirely on a specialized database server, which has direct access to the data being accessed. The benefit here is that network communication costs can be avoided completely. This becomes particularly important for complex series of SQL statements.

Encapsulation of business logic: Stored procedures allow for business logic to be embedded as an API in the database, which can simplify data management and reduce the need to encode the logic elsewhere in client programs. This may result in a lesser likelihood of data becoming corrupted through the use of faulty client programs. Thus, the database system can ensure data integrity and consistency with the help of stored procedures.

Delegation of access-rights: In many systems, stored-procedures can be granted access rights to the database which the users who will execute those procedures do not directly have. Thus, the stored procedure becomes the only way that these users have, to do whatever the stored procedure does.

Some protection from SQL injection attacks: Stored procedures can be used to protect against this attack. The parameters will be treated as data even if an attacker inserts SQL commands. Also some DBMS will check the parameter’s type.

Comparison with functions

• A function is a subprogram written to perform certain computations and return a single value.
• Functions must return a value (using the RETURN keyword), but for stored procedures this is not compulsory.
• Stored procedures can use RETURN keyword but without any value being passed.
• Functions could be used in SELECT statements, provided they don’t do any data manipulation. However, procedures cannot be included in SELECT statements.
• A function can have only IN parameters, while stored procedures may have OUT or INOUT parameters.
• A stored procedure can return multiple values using the OUT parameter or return no value at all.

Disadvantages

Stored procedures are “defined once, used many times.” If any changes are necessary, the (one and only one) definition of the stored procedure must be replaced. Dynamic SQL, of course, allows any SQL query to be issued at any time. Any change to a stored procedure instantly impacts every other piece of software, report, etc. (inside or outside of the DBMS) which directly or indirectly refers to it. It is not always possible to determine with certainty exactly what those impacts will be, nor what changes can safely be made without adversely impacting something else.

For various reasons, many organizations strictly limit who is allowed to define and issue a query against the database. Programmers and other users may therefore find themselves having no choice but to implement inefficient solutions to their problems using what stored procedures are available to them, whether or not the procedures are appropriate for this particular ancillary task.

Though not directly related to stored procedures, the movement of business logic to the DBMS is problematic since it is the layer with the more complex scalability issues. Furthermore, some modern DBMS systems (notably from Microsoft SQL Server 2000 onwards) don’t offer any performance benefits of using stored procedures against precompiled queries: they are compiled and cached in the same manner as dynamic SQL.

It is very important to understand ASP.NET page life cycle for many reasons, mainly for understanding where we should place particular methods and when we should set page related properties. Additionally if we are developing custom server controls then clear understanding of page life cycle is very useful to correct initialization of control, setting properties with view-state data, and control’s code(Control events are subject to ASP.NET page only)

Page life cycle depends on whether it is requested for the first time or it is after postback(page request of itself) and finalize to the web server. When a web page is requested to web server, it goes through a series of sequence of steps/events (like initialization, instantiating controls, restoring and maintaining state, running event handler code, and rendering) before it returned back to the web browser.

When we use and manipulate page life cycle events correctly then it becomes a handy and powerful tool for developing web applications.

Background

IIS : It is default web server with Microsoft .NET. Internet Information Server helps to deploy web sites/web application. IIS web server receives request for a web resource (file), it checks the extension of the file (e.g. .aspx, ascx, .ashx and .asmx) and then it determines which ISAPI extension should handle this request and passes this request to proper ISAPI extension

ASPNET_ISAPI.DLL : IIS loads this DLL and sends the page request to this DLL. This DLL loads the HTTPRuntime for further processing.

ASPNET_WP.EXE: It contains an Application Pool. Each Application Pool can contain any number of Applications. Application Pool is also called as AppDomain. When a web page is requested, IIS looks for the application pool under which the current application is running and forwards the request to the respective worker process.

Table showing stage and corresponding Events

Setting up of the page

ASP.NET determines that the page request by a user requires to be parsing and compiling or to render cached copy of the page to be send. Thus it comes very much before of the beginning of the page life cycle. After this, it is also checked that request is a normal request, postback, cross-page postback or callback. The page constructor creates a tree of controls as soon as the HTTP runtime instantiates the page class to perform the request

Events

PreInit

This event is the beginning of the page life cycle. Every page controls are initialized and the properties are set according to aspx source code.

• Possible to Change or set Master page, Themes
• Creates or re-creates dynamic controls.
• Reads or sets Profile property values.

Init

First, the Init event for the Page object occurs, then Init event occurs for each control on the Page. Viewstate information is not available at this stage.

• Controls have been initialized zed
• Theme skins applied if any.
• Initialize control properties.

InitComplete

This event is used to processing tasks that require all initialization be complete.

PreLoad

This event is used before Perform any processing that should occur before Load. Use this event if you need to perform processing on your page or control before the Load event. Before the Page instance raises this event, it loads view state for itself and all controls, and then processes any postback data included with the Request instance.

Load

Set properties in controls and establish database connections

Control Events

These are control specific events such as – Button Click, DropDownIndexChanged etc.

Load Complete

This event is used for performing those tasks which require load has been completed.

PreRender

In this event page insures that all child controls are created. Page calls EnsureChildControls for all controls, including itself. Every controls whose datasource/databind property is set calls for its databind method.

SaveStateComplete

This event occurs after viewstate encoded and saved for the page and for all controls.

Render

Every ASP.NET control has render method and the page instance calls this method to output the control’s markup, after this event any changes to the page or controls are ignored.

Unload

Unload event used to do cleanup task like closing the database connections, closing of the open files, completing logging or other requested tasks. Unload events occurs for each control on page control tree first and after that page.

 *  IPAdress.h

 *

 *

 */

#define MAXADDRS 32

extern char *if_names[MAXADDRS];

extern char *ip_names[MAXADDRS];

extern char *hw_addrs[MAXADDRS];

extern unsigned long ip_addrs[MAXADDRS];

// Function prototypes

void InitAddresses();

void FreeAddresses();

void GetIPAddresses();

void GetHWAddresses();

/*

 *  IPAddress.c

 *

 */

#include “IPAddress.h”

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>

#include <netdb.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <sys/sockio.h>

#include <net/if.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <net/if_dl.h>

#include “IPAddress.h”

#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))

#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

#define BUFFERSIZE 4000

char *if_names[MAXADDRS];

char *ip_names[MAXADDRS];

char *hw_addrs[MAXADDRS];

unsigned long ip_addrs[MAXADDRS];

static int   nextAddr = 0;

void InitAddresses()

{

int i;

for (i=0; i<MAXADDRS; ++i)

{

if_names[i] = ip_names[i] = hw_addrs[i] = NULL;

ip_addrs[i] = 0;

}

}

void FreeAddresses()

{

int i;

for (i=0; i<MAXADDRS; ++i)

{

if (if_names[i] != 0) free(if_names[i]);

if (ip_names[i] != 0) free(ip_names[i]);

if (hw_addrs[i] != 0) free(hw_addrs[i]);

ip_addrs[i] = 0;

}

InitAddresses();

}

void GetIPAddresses()

{

int                 i, len, flags;

char                buffer[BUFFERSIZE], *ptr, lastname[IFNAMSIZ], *cptr;

struct ifconf       ifc;

struct ifreq        *ifr, ifrcopy;

struct sockaddr_in *sin;

char temp[80];

int sockfd;

for (i=0; i<MAXADDRS; ++i)

{

if_names[i] = ip_names[i] = NULL;

ip_addrs[i] = 0;

}

sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

if (sockfd < 0)

{

perror(“socket failed”);

return;

}

ifc.ifc_len = BUFFERSIZE;

ifc.ifc_buf = buffer;

if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) < 0)

{

perror(“ioctl error”);

return;

}

lastname[0] = 0;

for (ptr = buffer; ptr < buffer + ifc.ifc_len; )

{

ifr = (struct ifreq *)ptr;

len = max(sizeof(struct sockaddr), ifr->ifr_addr.sa_len);

ptr += sizeof(ifr->ifr_name) + len; // for next one in buffer

if (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family != AF_INET)

{

continue; // ignore if not desired address family

}

if ((cptr = (char *)strchr(ifr->ifr_name, ‘:’)) != NULL)

{

*cptr = 0; // replace colon will null

}

if (strncmp(lastname, ifr->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ) == 0)

{

continue; /* already processed this interface */

}

memcpy(lastname, ifr->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ);

ifrcopy = *ifr;

ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifrcopy);

flags = ifrcopy.ifr_flags;

if ((flags & IFF_UP) == 0)

{

continue; // ignore if interface not up

}

if_names[nextAddr] = (char *)malloc(strlen(ifr->ifr_name)+1);

if (if_names[nextAddr] == NULL)

{

return;

}

strcpy(if_names[nextAddr], ifr->ifr_name);

sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr->ifr_addr;

strcpy(temp, inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));

ip_names[nextAddr] = (char *)malloc(strlen(temp)+1);

if (ip_names[nextAddr] == NULL)

{

return;

}

strcpy(ip_names[nextAddr], temp);

ip_addrs[nextAddr] = sin->sin_addr.s_addr;

++nextAddr;

}

close(sockfd);

}

void GetHWAddresses()

{

struct ifconf ifc;

struct ifreq *ifr;

int i, sockfd;

char buffer[BUFFERSIZE], *cp, *cplim;

char temp[80];

for (i=0; i<MAXADDRS; ++i)

{

hw_addrs[i] = NULL;

}

sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

if (sockfd < 0)

{

perror(“socket failed”);

return;

}

ifc.ifc_len = BUFFERSIZE;

ifc.ifc_buf = buffer;

if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0)

{

perror(“ioctl error”);

close(sockfd);

return;

}

ifr = ifc.ifc_req;

cplim = buffer + ifc.ifc_len;

for (cp=buffer; cp < cplim; )

{

ifr = (struct ifreq *)cp;

if (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family == AF_LINK)

{

struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)&ifr->ifr_addr;

int a,b,c,d,e,f;

int i;

strcpy(temp, (char *)ether_ntoa(LLADDR(sdl)));

sscanf(temp, “%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x”, &a, &b, &c, &d, &e, &f);

sprintf(temp, “%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X”,a,b,c,d,e,f);

for (i=0; i<MAXADDRS; ++i)

{

if ((if_names[i] != NULL) && (strcmp(ifr->ifr_name, if_names[i]) == 0))

{

if (hw_addrs[i] == NULL)

{

hw_addrs[i] = (char *)malloc(strlen(temp)+1);

strcpy(hw_addrs[i], temp);

break;

}

}

}

}

cp += sizeof(ifr->ifr_name) + max(sizeof(ifr->ifr_addr), ifr->ifr_addr.sa_len);

}

close(sockfd);

}

//Somewhere in your code

- (NSString *)deviceIPAdress {

InitAddresses();

GetIPAddresses();

GetHWAddresses();

return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", ip_names[1]];

}

// Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

    ipAddress.text = [self deviceIPAdress];

}

When you start creating a new ASP.NET 2.0 site with Visual Studio 2005 or Visual Web Developer Express (VWD) and want to start using it you’ll notice that a new file in the App_Data folder gets created besides your own database, namely the aspnetdb.mdf file. This extra database holds all the tables and stored procedures to let Membership, Roles, Profile etc run smoothly.

However a problem arises when you don’t want to use that dedicated new database when you want to deploy to your live webserver, certainly not when you use a host that only offers one database and charges you extra for another database. Luckely you can control things more when using the dedicated aspnet_regsql tool that ships with the .NET 2.0 framework.

What I’m about to describe in this article is how to use that tool to generate a SQL script that you can use to run on your other database with a tool like SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). In this example I’ll be using the installed Northwind database on my localhost developer machine.

Just start up a new DOS box by going to Start | Run and type in cmd followed by enter. In Windows Vista you push the blue windows logo button and in the field with the text Start Search you type in cmd followed by ctrl + shift + enter. The reason for that combination is that you must run it under Admin privileges or else the to be generated file doesn’t get writed to disk.
A new DOS box will appear and you just navigate to the following directory/folder:

Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\

If you’re not used to using DOS you can navigate to it by typing this in the DOS box: cd \windows\Microsoft.net\framework\v2.0.50727 followed by enter.

Then you type in this line: aspnet_regsql.exe  -S <server> -U <user> -P <password>  -d <Database> -A all

e.g. aspnet_regsql.exe  -S localhost -U <user> -P <password> -d Northwind -A all

Any questions about the above process then feel free to post a comment and I will reply.

iPhone OS supports the ability to play back video files directly from your application using the Media Player framework (MediaPlayer.framework). Video playback is supported in full screen mode only and can be used by game developers who want to play cut scene animations or by other developers who want to play media files. When you start a video from your application, the media player interface takes over, fading the screen to black and then fading in the video content. You can play a video with or without transport controls; enabling transport controls lets the user pause or adjust the playback of the video. If you do not enable these controls, the video plays until completion or until you explicitly stop it in your code.

To initiate video playback, you must know the URL of the file you want to play. For files your application provides, this would typically be a pointer to a file in your application’s bundle; however, it can also be a pointer to a file on a remote server or elsewhere in the directory containing your application. You use this URL to instantiate a new instance of the MPMoviePlayerController class. This class presides over the playback of your video file and manages user interactions, such user taps in the transport controls (if shown). To initiate playback, simply call the play method of the controller.

Listing 4-4 shows a sample method that playbacks the video at the specified URL. The play method is an asynchronous call that returns control to the caller while the movie plays. The movie controller loads the movie in a full-screen view, and animates the movie into place on top of the application’s existing content. When playback is finished, the movie controller sends a notification to the object, which releases the movie controller now that it is no longer needed.

-(void)playMovieAtURL:(NSURL*)theURL

{

    MPMoviePlayerController* thePlayer = [[MPMoviePlayerController alloc] 

    initWithContentURL:theURL];

    thePlayer.scalingMode = MPMovieScalingModeAspectFill;

    thePlayer.userCanShowTransportControls = NO;

    // Register for the playback finished notification.

    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self

                selector:@selector(myMovieFinishedCallback:)

                name:MPMoviePlayerPlaybackDidFinishNotification

                thePlayer];

    // Movie playback is asynchronous, so this method returns 

      immediately.

    [thePlayer play];

}

// When the movie is done, release the controller.

-(void)myMovieFinishedCallback:(NSNotification*)aNotification

{

    MPMoviePlayerController* thePlayer = [aNotification object];

    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self

                name:MPMoviePlayerPlaybackDidFinishNotification

                thePlayer];

    // Release the movie instance created in playMovieAtURL:

    [thePlayer release];

}

I am sure that a program is using port 80 or port 443 and restrict apache to use these port as I get following after installing Apache web server using XAMPP.

(OS 10052) Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted. : make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down

So, I need to identify the program which is listening to port 80 and kill that process or at least restrict that process to listen to port 80.

To following steps will help you to find the culprit one.

1)Open command prompt. You can do it by clicking your start menu, then select Run, type cmd in the Run box and hit enter.

2)I expect you will see command prompt here unless you have viruses in your computer that restrict to show. In the command prompt type,

>netstat -o -n -a | findstr 0.0:80
in order to determine the process ID which is using port 80.

or type,
>netstat -o -n -a | findstr 0.0:443
in order to determine the process ID which is listening to port 443.

or type,
>netstat -aon
in order to list all connection that is listening, established, starting, closing and all other states. As netstat -aon will list all connections so from that you need to manually search for line 0.0.0.0:80 or 0.0.0.0:443 to determine the process ID.

3)Determine the process ID which is listening to port 80 or 443.
A typical output from the above commands are,

E:\Documents and Settings\Arju>netstat -o -n -a | findstr 0.0:80
 TCP    0.0.0.0:80             0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       4712

E:\Documents and Settings\Arju>netstat -o -n -a | findstr 0.0:443
 TCP    0.0.0.0:443            0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       4712
 UDP    0.0.0.0:443            *:*                                    316

E:\Documents and Settings\Arju>netstat -aon

Active Connections

 Proto  Local Address          Foreign Address        State           PID
 TCP    0.0.0.0:80             0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       4712
 TCP    0.0.0.0:135            0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       1324
 TCP    0.0.0.0:443            0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       4712
 TCP    0.0.0.0:3306           0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       1920
 TCP    0.0.0.0:5101           0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       7636
 TCP    0.0.0.0:17536          0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       316
 TCP    10.65.49.113:1175      118.160.238.122:80     ESTABLISHED     316
 TCP    10.65.49.113:1451      209.85.137.125:5222    ESTABLISHED     1588
 TCP    10.65.49.113:1561      66.102.9.83:80         CLOSE_WAIT      3436
 TCP    10.65.49.113:1623      96.17.159.66:80        CLOSE_WAIT      1964
 TCP    10.65.49.113:2659      216.10.192.112:80      CLOSE_WAIT      5164
 TCP    10.65.49.113:2782      216.10.192.112:80      CLOSE_WAIT      3692
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3084      74.125.87.83:80        ESTABLISHED     2736
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3179      74.125.87.191:80       ESTABLISHED     2736
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3180      74.125.87.83:80        ESTABLISHED     2736
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3185      74.125.87.101:443      ESTABLISHED     5164
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3187      74.125.87.147:80       ESTABLISHED     5164
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3850      68.180.217.28:5050     ESTABLISHED     7636
 TCP    10.65.49.113:3881      68.142.233.181:80      ESTABLISHED     7636
 TCP    10.65.49.113:4837      207.46.125.86:1863     ESTABLISHED     320
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1247         0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       3692
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1557         0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       6172
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1557         127.0.0.1:1558         ESTABLISHED     6172
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1558         127.0.0.1:1557         ESTABLISHED     7928
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1672         0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       1532
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1727         127.0.0.1:1728         ESTABLISHED     7636
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1728         127.0.0.1:1727         ESTABLISHED     7636
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1990         127.0.0.1:1991         ESTABLISHED     5164
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1991         127.0.0.1:1990         ESTABLISHED     5164
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1993         127.0.0.1:1994         ESTABLISHED     5164
 TCP    127.0.0.1:1994         127.0.0.1:1993         ESTABLISHED     5164
 UDP    0.0.0.0:443            *:*                                    316
 UDP    0.0.0.0:17536          *:*                                    316
 UDP    10.65.49.113:123       *:*                                    1364
 UDP    10.65.49.113:1900      *:*                                    1500
 UDP    127.0.0.1:123          *:*                                    1364
 UDP    127.0.0.1:1025         *:*                                    1924
 UDP    127.0.0.1:1171         *:*                                    316
 UDP    127.0.0.1:1716         *:*                                    320
 UDP    127.0.0.1:1730         *:*                                    7636
 UDP    127.0.0.1:1900         *:*                                    1500
 UDP    127.0.0.1:2993         *:*                                    1588
 UDP    127.0.0.1:9877         *:*                                    1924
 UDP    127.0.0.1:9977         *:*                                    1924
 UDP    127.0.0.1:62976        *:*                                    1924

From the above output we see process ID 4712 is the culprit one which is listening to port 80 and 443 and thus restrict web server to use them.

4)In this step find the process which has the Process ID 4712. You can simply follow http://arjudba.blogspot.com/2009/07/how-to-know-process-id-or-pid-on.html and bring task manager to display that process ID. From task manager Image Name determine the process name.

So now you can kill that process or still if you want to run that process first run you web server/apache and then run that program. In this way apache first will listen to port 80 and that program will not be able to use as it starts after web server.

Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManagerServerErrorException: An unknown error occurred while processing the request on the server. The status code returned from the server was: 0

just add this code:

Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_endRequest(endRequest);function endRequest(sender, args){	// Check to see if there's an error on this request.	if (args.get_error() != undefined)	{	  //$get('Error').style.visibility = "visible";	  // Let the framework know that the error is handled,	  // so it doesn't throw the JavaScript alert.	  args.set_errorHandled(true);	}}